The Shih Tzu has spent centuries perfecting the role of companion. Small, sturdy and outgoing, with a flowing coat and a sweet expression, it is often happiest in a lap or trotting along beside its favorite person. Here is a closer look at this ancient breed and what it needs today.
The little lion dog
The Shih Tzu’s ancestors are linked to Tibet, and the breed was developed and treasured in the imperial court of China for centuries. Its name is often translated as “lion dog,” a reference to the lion imagery important in Buddhist tradition. Palace dogs were bred and kept by royalty and rarely seen outside the court.
The breed faced serious decline during the political upheavals in China in the twentieth century. Its survival depended on a relatively small number of dogs that had been taken to Europe, where enthusiasts worked to preserve it. The Shih Tzu was later introduced to the United States and recognized by the American Kennel Club in 1969.
Temperament
Shih Tzus are typically affectionate, friendly and playful. They were bred to be companions, not workers, and many love attention and company. They often get along with other dogs and pets and can be good with respectful children. Some can be a little stubborn about house-training and other lessons, so patience, consistency and rewards help. They are adaptable to apartments and houses alike.
Coat and grooming
The Shih Tzu’s long, double coat is one of its signature features, and it requires real commitment. Owners usually choose one of two approaches:
- A long coat, which needs daily brushing to prevent mats and regular bathing and conditioning
- A shorter puppy or teddy bear cut, which is easier to maintain and needs professional grooming every several weeks
Hair on the head is often tied up in a topknot or kept trimmed so it does not fall into the eyes. Clean the face gently and regularly, and check the eyes for redness, discharge or irritation. Keep the hair between the paw pads trimmed and check the ears.
Care for a flat-faced toy breed
The Shih Tzu has a short muzzle and is considered a brachycephalic breed. That structure can affect breathing and heat tolerance, so moderate exercise in comfortable temperatures is usually best. Short walks and indoor play typically meet their needs. Dental care is also important in small breeds, so ask your veterinarian about a home routine. Because Shih Tzus have prominent eyes, contact your vet promptly about any eye injury or squinting.
Gear notes
A lightweight harness is a good choice for walks, since it reduces pressure on the neck and throat. Pick one with smooth materials that will not tangle a long coat. A small, light collar can hold an ID tag or QR tag. Many Shih Tzus with short haircuts appreciate a light jacket on chilly days. Check the fit of all gear after every grooming appointment, since coat length changes how things sit.
